Green chemistry according to the United States Environmental Protection Organization (US EPA); are the activities to reduce or eliminate the negative effects of chemicals or chemical processes on the environment. Therefore, green chemistry is a new trend that combines multiple disciplines to develop solutions to existing or potential problems.
Green chemistry is a new trend that will eliminate the problems of chemicals that exist in all areas of life and suggest alternative solutions. The definition by the Environmental Protection Organization (EPA); “To promote innovative technologies that eliminate or reduce the pollution that will occur during and after the design, manufacture and use of chemicals.”
P. T. Anastas and J. C. Warner in Green Chemistry-Theory and Practice (Green Chemistry-Theory and Practice); “It is the use of a dozen principles that eliminate or reduce the use and emergence of hazardous materials for human and environmental health in the design, manufacture and use of chemical products.” They defined as. These principles, which emerged as 12 principles and now used as guides in many chemical industries and researches, are known as 12 principles.
1-Prevention:
Rather than trying to clean up a pollution; it is a more correct approach not to pollute at all, that is to take precautionary measures. We can say this principle as 'Prevention of Waste'.
2-Atom Economy:
It is the expression of the ratio of the atomic weight of the substance to be synthesized to the atomic weight of the reagents used in the synthesis of that substance. This percentage is an indicator of the atomic economy. If the result is 100%, it can be said that this reaction takes place with 100% atomic economy.
3-Less Hazardous Chemical Syntheses:
Instead of a synthesis technique that is harmful for the environment and human health, another less harmful alternative should be preferred. Even if the harmful chemical synthesis is more advantageous in terms of cost, it is economically disadvantageous as cleaning the pollution will also create a cost.
4-Designing Safer Chemicals:
Designs that will minimize the toxic effect of the chemicals used must be realized.
5-Safe Solvents:
Those that are less harmful in terms of environment and human health should be preferred, avoiding the use of excessive and unnecessary solvent or separating auxiliary chemicals.
6-Efficiency on Energy:
Energy equations in chemical processes should be regulated to be the least in terms of both environment and economy. The ambient temperature and pressure to be used in the syntheses should be adjusted to a minimum if possible.
7-Use of Renewable Feedstocks:
Reusable ones should be preferred for the raw materials used in the synthesis of a reaction or by-products formed as a result of the reaction. All kinds of raw materials; should be reusable after the end of the product life.
8-Reducing applications requiring additional reagents, avoiding, if possible:
When designing reactions, they should be designed to be at least stepwise. Because the use of chemicals will increase in over-step reactions; reaction steps should be reduced.
9-Catalysis:
Catalytic reagents (sufficiently selective) are superior to stoichiometric reagents.
10-Design for decay:
Chemical products should be designed to be harmlessly degraded. Many of the chemical products used today remain in nature for hundreds of years. In green products, this period should be shorter and degradation products should be harmless to the environment or human health.
11-Design for decay:
Can use real-time analytical methods to prevent pollution; by establishing monitoring and control systems; the contamination that may occur is detected immediately; measures need to be improved immediately.11-Kirliliğin önlenmesi için gerçek zamanlı analiz:
12-Safe chemistry to prevent accidents:
Chemical processes should be designed in this way to minimize chemical accidents such as explosions and fires.
